CPVD as the alternative to Foursquare for local service
Cost Per Verified Delivery (CPVD) prices the same geographic intent on a different unit. Instead of a CPM against a Foursquare audience segment delivered through a DSP, you lease a corridor (a stretch of road, an arrival route, an interstate exit ramp) and pay $0.20 each time a real driver phone is GPS-verified moving through it.
Three structural things change versus the Foursquare-via-DSP model. First, the location signal comes from the device through infrastructure WilDi controls, so there is no bid-stream guess, no SSP / DSP supply-chain take, and no third-party data fee. Second, the unit is a single verified driver, not a thousand maybe-impressions targeted by a segment, so there is no working-media leak between the dollar and the delivery. Third, there is no platform fee, no audience-segment markup, and no agency markup baked into the CPM.
The two architectures are not strict substitutes. Foursquare serves enterprise campaigns that fundamentally need national-scale audience segments and cross-DSP portability. CPVD serves local service campaigns that fundamentally need corridor delivery to one homeowner-in-one-service-area. For HVAC, roofing, plumbing, garage doors, and the rest of the local service universe, the corridor is the unit of intent. See what is Cost Per Verified Delivery for the full architecture, and the Middleman Tax for where the standard supply chain siphons budget that CPVD does not.